Artistic view of a Male Pteronarcys californica (Pteronarcyidae) (Giant Salmonfly) Stonefly Adult from the Gallatin River in Montana

Salmonflies
Pteronarcys californica

The giant Salmonflies of the Western mountains are legendary for their proclivity to elicit consistent dry-fly action and ferocious strikes.

Stream photos

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Doroneuria baumanni (Golden Stone) Stonefly Nymph Doroneuria baumanni (Golden Stone) Stonefly Nymph

Dorsal view of a Doroneuria baumanni (Perlidae) (Golden Stone) Stonefly Nymph from Sears Creek in Washington

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27" brown trout, my largest ever. It was the sub-dominant fish in its pool. After this, I hooked the bigger one, but I couldn't land it.

Troutnut is a project started in 2003 by salmonid ecologist Jason "Troutnut" Neuswanger to help anglers and fly tyers unabashedly embrace the entomological side of the sport. Learn more about Troutnut or support the project for an enhanced experience here.

Mayfly Species Rhithrogena impersonata (Dark Red Quills)

This intriguing species has two distinct colors of nymphs, which were once considered to be different species. Most nymphs are a dark olive gray, but some are a surprisingly bright reddish brown. The red ones were once classified as Rhithrogena sanguinea. There is no apparent difference between the adults of the two varieties.

Where & when

Time of year : Late May through early July

I have not found any discussion of fishable hatches of this species, but I have sampled two small streams where the nymph population is so dense that there must be good fishing to the adults unless they have the worst of emergence characteristics.

In 26 records from GBIF, adults of this species have mostly been collected during June (54%), July (15%), May (15%), and August (8%).

Species Range

source

Map of specific collection sites

Hatching behavior

Spinner behavior

Time of day: Dusk

The Leonards write in Mayflies of Michigan Trout Streams that the spinners gather in great swarms high above the river as the sun sets. They do not say whether this activity culminates in a fishable spinner fall.

Nymph biology

Current speed: Fast

Substrate: Gravel

Physical description

Most physical descriptions on Troutnut are direct or slightly edited quotes from the original scientific sources describing or updating the species, although there may be errors in copying them to this website. Such descriptions aren't always definitive, because species often turn out to be more variable than the original describers observed. In some cases, only a single specimen was described! However, they are useful starting points.

Male Spinner

Described in Needham et al (1935)

Body length: 9 mm
Wing length: 10 mm

A species of the jejuna-undulata group, having no lateral spine basally on penes; small apical spines present on each division of penes.

Head and thorax deep brown; thoracic sternum paler, rather ochreous brown. Legs ochreous brown; femora “‘broadly shaded in their central portion with deeper brown, especially noticeable on the forelegs’” (McD.). Wings hyaline; a slight brownish tinge at base. Venation strong, blackish. Abdominal tergites deep brown; sternites paler, ochreous brown. Forceps and tails dark brown. Penes with no lateral basal spines on outer margin; apices “broader and much less outcurved” (McD.) than in the allied Rhithrogena jejuna, each division bearing several small apical spines (see fig. 101).

Distinguished from R. jejuna and Rhithrogena undulata by the small apical spines on penes, and by the fact that the penes are barely or not at all outcurved at tips.

Specimens of the Mayfly Species Rhithrogena impersonata

3 Nymphs

Rhithrogena impersonata (Dark Red Quill) Mayfly Nymph

5 Pictures

Dorsal view of a Rhithrogena impersonata (Heptageniidae) (Dark Red Quill) Mayfly Nymph from the Long Lake Branch of the White River in Wisconsin

Collected June 4, 2005 from the Long Lake Branch of the White River in Wisconsin

Added by Troutnut on May 24, 2006

Collected June 4, 2005 from the Long Lake Branch of the White River in Wisconsin and added by Troutnut on May 24, 2006

Rhithrogena impersonata (Dark Red Quill) Mayfly Nymph

8 Pictures

This specimen shows one of two distinct color types of Rhithrogena impersonata nymphs. This type is very reddish, especially in the gills, perhaps a representative of the form formerly known as a separate speciesRhithrogena sanguinea.

Collected June 4, 2005 from the Long Lake Branch of the White River in Wisconsin

Added by Troutnut on May 24, 2006

Collected June 4, 2005 from the Long Lake Branch of the White River in Wisconsin and added by Troutnut on May 24, 2006

Rhithrogena impersonata (Dark Red Quill) Mayfly Nymph

6 Pictures

Dorsal view of a Rhithrogena impersonata (Heptageniidae) (Dark Red Quill) Mayfly Nymph from Mongaup Creek in New York

This was the only Rhithrogena specimen in a large sample of nymphs from a small Catskill stream. It looks virtually identical to Rhithrogena impersonata specimens collected in the Midwest, but I didn't get to check the distinguishing features under a microscope.

Collected April 18, 2006 from Mongaup Creek in New York

Added by Troutnut on April 21, 2006

Collected April 18, 2006 from Mongaup Creek in New York and added by Troutnut on April 21, 2006

Start a Discussion of Rhithrogena impersonata

References

Caucci, Al and Nastasi, Bob. 2004. Hatches II. The Lyons Press.
Leonard, Justin W. and Fannie A. Leonard. 1962. Mayflies of Michigan Trout Streams. Cranbrook Institute of Science.
Needham, James G., Jay R. Traver, and Yin-Chi Hsu. 1935. The Biology of Mayflies. Comstock Publishing Company, Inc.
Schwiebert, Ernest G. 1955. Matching the Hatch. MacMillan Publishing Company.